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1、复合结构形式在句中主要作主语和宾语｡作宾语时可用代词宾格或名词普通格加上动词的-ing形式｡ 　　一､ 动词-ing形式作主语(通常指一个抽象动作)时,它可直接置于主语位置,也可以用it作形式主语,而把作真正主语的动词-ing形式放在句子的后部｡例如: 　　 Knowing table manners will help you make a good impression. 　　 Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency. 　　 It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 　　 His coming made us very happy. (复合结构作主语) 　　二､ 动词-ing形式作宾语｡例如: 　　 Having good table manners means knowing how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table. 　　 Do you prefer living in the zoo or living in the jungle? 　　 I really can’t understand you treating her like that. 　　[注意] 下列动词后面通常要用动词-ing形式作宾语｡ 　　enjoy, finish, stop, mind, suggest, practise, excuse(原谅),appreciate, keep, risk(冒险), consider, admit, miss(错过), imagine, avoid(避免), delay(推迟) resist, cannot help等｡ 　　 在need, want, require, be worth 等动词(短语)后面常用动词 　　-ing的主动形式表示被动意义｡例如: 　　The flowers want watering. 　　三､ 动词-ing形式作表语(常指主语的内容､状态或性质等)｡例如: 　　My interests are reading novels, playing football and singing songs. 　　The film was so moving that we saw it twice. 　　四､ 动词-ing形式作定语｡ 　　单个的动词-ing形式作定语时,常置于所修饰的名词前面;动词 　　-ing短语作定语时则常置于被修饰的词后面｡例如: 　　 English is the working language of most international organizations, international trade and tourism. 　　 The building being built now will be our library. 　　五､ 动词-ing形式作状语｡ 　　动词-ing形式作状语时,可以表示时间､原因､伴随状况､条件､结果等｡例如: 　　 Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy. (时间) 　　 Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. (原因) 　　 The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. (伴随状况) 　　 In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking third of all the competing countries. (结果) 　　注意: 动词-ing形式(短语)作状语时的几个特性｡ 　　① 时间性｡如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,则用一般式;如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前则使用完成式｡ 　　② 语态性｡应考虑动词-ing形式与句子主语之间的关系是主谓关系还是动宾关系,据此来确定语态｡。

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